What is a Pollutant?
Any material, substance, liquid, product, etc… which is introduced into an environment for other than its intended use / purpose. In other words, something that ends up where it doesn’t belong. Fresh water, cheese, and milk have all been classified as pollutants by Insurance Carriers under various circumstances.
Many insureds assume that claims arising from operations are covered by the general liability policy. However, claims resulting from a “pollution incident” are excluded from most general liability policies, which leaves many of these insureds exposed to potentially uncovered claims. What pollutants are impacting your business?
Environmental Exposures Impacting Restoration Contractors
May include, but are not limited to: failure to identify or mischaracterize contamination during surveys; faulty design of remedial action and management plans causing bodily injury; diagnostic laboratory errors; hazardous air emission from incomplete abatement; inaccurate post-abatement certification; impacting underground structures from subsurface investigation activities; cross contamination of aquifers due to improper design, selection of materials, equipment leading to remedial system failure; improper installation and permitting of remedial systems leading to hazardous waste releases; failure to notify public and/or EPA of contamination or releases; failure to effectively monitor and maintain safe working conditions; CERCLA liability due to O&M activities at Superfund sites and from waste disposal site selection; vicarious liability due to use of subcontractors and sub-consultants; inadequate or improper storage of samples; performance of inappropriate/incorrect tests or analytical methods; exacerbation of preexisting contamination during excavation and cleanup efforts; inadvertent mixing of incompatible wastes; release of oils/fuels from equipment; completed operations exposures due to incomplete or improper line hookup and remedial system construction….
Claim Scenarios
- A fire water restoration contractor was accused of not fully remediating the mold at a home where he was contracted to do so. After further investigation, it was found that the newly discovered mold was caused by an error made by a plumber, who has worked on the property previously. The restoration contractor was removed from the suit. However, they had already incurred over $20,000 in legal defense costs.
- A homeowner hired restoration contractor to dry out a house from water damage. The contractor, without testing for asbestos, starts and finishes the dry out process, inadvertently disturbing asbestos which releases asbestos fibers into the air. After the job is complete, an industrial hygienist, hired by the homeowner, tests for asbestos and finds that it has spread throughout the house due to the dry out process. This results in cleanup costs and allegations of bodily injury resulting from asbestos inhalation, including associated legal defense expenses.
Benefits of Environmental Liability Insurance
Because environmental losses are a severity risk, rather than a frequency risk, the majority of restoration contractors lack the financial strength to self-insure their potential environmental liabilities. Since every restoration contractor has notable environmental exposures, consideration to the economies of scale afforded with environmental liability insurance as part of your risk transfer strategy, versus self-insuring.
Three Overlooked benefits of environmental liability insurance:
- Defense Costs: Environmental liabilities are relatively new and very litigious. Even if you do nothing wrong you can still get named in a suit and have to expense defense costs i.e. legal fees, environmental investigations, etc.
- Claim Management: All policies come with specialists to assist you in handling a claim. Who is in charge of communications, public relations, emergency response, government compliance, financial management, third party claims for bodily injury, property damage, natural resource damages….?
- Third Party Liability: The majority of the time the cost to clean up the environmental problem/s is far less than the associated claims that come in from third parties for bodily injury, property damage and business interruption. You need to look at your client’s and neighbors that can be impacted if you or a sub-contractor/vendor cause an environmental loss.
Environmental Liability Insurance Coverages
Contractors Pollution Liability (CPL)
Contractors Pollution Liability (CPL) insurance protects the insured should they cause or exacerbate an environmental condition while performing their contractor services. CPL protects the insured for covered operations performed by or on behalf of the insured, while operating away from any premises they own, rent, lease or occupy. Coverage can be written on a job specific basis, or on a blanket basis to cover all the work performed by the insured. Most policies can be endorsed to cover transportation pollution liability, mold, lead, asbestos, defense outside the limits, off-site disposal coverage.
Environmental service providers incorporating CPL coverage as part of their risk transfer strategy, drive their growth and profits by marketing the benefits CPL coverage affords in reducing job interruption due to environmental issues.
A major environmental liability exposure faced by all contractors lies in who they are doing business with. If there is an environmental loss at a job site, innocent contractors can and do get named in lawsuits. Do your subs/vendors have CPL insurance if they cause an environmental loss?
Environmental Impairment Liability (EIL)
EIL is for environmental service providers that own, rent, lease, operate or have any other insurable interest in real property (a fixed site facility such as a service garage and shop, transfer/recycling facility, landfill….) that can be susceptible to pollution liabilities that actually or allegedly originated from the insured property.
Coverage can include: Pre-existing unknown pollution, new pollution conditions, first party on-site clean up, third party bodily injury, property damage, business interruption and extra expense, off site cleanup costs, legal defense expenses, transportation pollution liability, offsite disposal coverage…. Multi year term policies can be negotiated.
Transportation Pollution Liability
Generally, Business Auto or Truckers policies will exclude pollution losses arising from spills or other releases of transported cargo. Transportation pollution liability affords coverage during the loading, unloading and transportation, for a spill, release or sudden upset and over turn of transported cargo.
Incidental Professional Liability
Professional exposures are generally excluded from General Liability and monoline Contractors Pollution Liability policies. In the course of their normal operations, contractors face all types of professional exposures. They may make slight adjustments on the provided plans to get the job done properly, they may supervise subcontractors, or provide other recommendations which could potentially be questioned in the event of a claim. In the event of a professional claim, will your insurance provide coverage?
Underground Storage Tanks
Financial responsibility requirements ensure that owners and operators of underground storage tank systems have the ability to financially handle a release from an underground storage tank. The responsibility encompasses the ability to pay funds for corrective action and third party bodily injury and property damage from non-sudden and sudden and accidental releases from a regulated underground tank system.
Property Transfer Liability
When buying or selling property there can be unknown preexisting environmental conditions. Since a Phase I or Phase II survey cannot guarantee uncovering all potential environmental liabilities, insurance companies have created property transfer insurance. This coverage protects the new owner or any party with an insurable interest, against unknown environmental conditions that may be discovered during the policy period, that were not caused by the new owner. Property transfer coverage assists to keep the property at its maximum value while allowing the insured to negotiate more favorable loan terms than property not supported by this coverage.





